Which nature of charge carriers give rise to the current fluctuations thereby resulting into the generation of shot noise?

In an optical fiber communication system, which among the following is not a typical transmitter function?

A. Coding for error protection

B. Decoding of input data

C. Electrical to optical conversion

D. Recoding to match output standard

Which among the following is provided by an optical receiver for the regeneration of data signal with minimum error?

A. Photo-diode

B. Signal Processing Circuits

C. Linear Circuitry

D. None of the above

For a sine wave, the frequency is represented by the cycles per ______

A. Second

B. Minute

C. Hour

D. None of the above

Which property/ies of PCM stream determine/s the fidelity to original analog signal?

A. Sampling rate

B. Bit depth

C. Both a and b

D. None of the above

In single-mode fibers, how does the fraction of energy traveling through bound mode appear in the cladding?

A. As a crescent wave

B. As a gibbous wave

C. As an evanescent wave

D. All of the above